Child abuse is any act that harms a child’s physical or emotional health or development. It is frequently a pattern of behaviour by an adult or peer. Below is some general information that may help you identify abuse in the life of a child. This information will not cover every circumstance, so be aware of anything unusual or out of character for the child. Indicators may have other causes not related to abuse, nevertheless share any concerns/observations with your Ministry Coordinator or Minister.
| Abuse | Key Indicators |
| Physical Abuse Hitting & shaking Burning or scalding Bruises or fractures Poisoning Giving children alcohol, illegal drugs or excessive medication Domestic and Family Violence | Corresponding injuries Unexplained or hidden injuries Fearful or nervous Aggressive OR passive behaviour |
| Psychological or Emotional Abuse Scapegoating Persistent Rejection or hostility Constant yelling, insults or criticism Cultural affronts or racism Teasing and bullying Witness to Domestic or Family Violence | Low self esteem Unexplained mood swings Agressive OR passive behaviour Anxious Attention seeking Sudden underachievement Age inappropriate behaviours Developmental delays |
| Neglect Not providing a child sufficient food, housing, clothing, sleep, hygienic living conditions, or health care. Leaving a child under 12 y.o. unattended for an “unreasonable time” Children missing school | Frequent hunger or malnutrition Poor hygiene Inappropriate seasonal clothing Medical needs not met Unsupervised for long periods Withdrawn or aggressive Indiscriminate with affection |
| Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Kissing or holding a child in a sexual manner. Exposing a sexual body part to a child. Exposing children to sexual acts or pornography Making obscene phone calls or remarks to child. Sexual relations with child under 16 y.o. Grooming activities | Genital injury Sexually transmitted disease Anxiety or depression Persistent and age-inappropriate sexual activity or behaviours Regressive behaviour (eg bedwetting) Preoccupation with sexual matters Secretive relationships with adults or children. Self injurious or delinquent behaviour |
If you suspect that a child is at risk of harm or they have disclosed abuse to you, please report this information.